**Background of NOX4 Antibodies**
NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) is a member of the NOX family of enzymes that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) as their primary function. Unlike other NOX isoforms, NOX4 is constitutively active and produces hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) rather than superoxide. It is widely expressed in tissues, including kidneys, blood vessels, and lungs, where it plays roles in cellular signaling, differentiation, and stress responses. Dysregulation of NOX4 is implicated in various pathological conditions, such as fibrosis, chronic kidney disease, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders, due to its dual role in redox-dependent physiological regulation and oxidative stress-mediated damage.
NOX4 antibodies are essential tools for studying the expression, localization, and function of this enzyme in both normal and diseased states. These antibodies enable researchers to detect NOX4 protein levels via techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Specific NOX4 antibodies help distinguish it from other NOX isoforms, which is critical given their structural similarities but divergent roles.
Recent studies highlight NOX4 as a therapeutic target, driving demand for high-quality antibodies to validate its involvement in disease mechanisms or assess the efficacy of NOX4 inhibitors. However, challenges remain, including ensuring antibody specificity and optimizing detection in complex tissues. Despite this, NOX4 antibodies remain pivotal in advancing research on oxidative stress-related diseases and potential treatments.