BMP4 (Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4) is a member of the TGF-β (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily, playing critical roles in embryonic development, cell differentiation, and tissue homeostasis. It regulates processes such as limb formation, neural crest cell specification, and organogenesis. Dysregulation of BMP4 signaling is linked to developmental disorders, cancer, and skeletal abnormalities.
BMP4 antibodies are essential tools for detecting and studying BMP4 expression, localization, and function in research. These antibodies are widely used in techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), and ELISA to quantify BMP4 levels in cells, tissues, or biological fluids. They help elucidate BMP4's interaction with receptors (e.g., BMPR1A/1B) and antagonists (e.g., Noggin), as well as its downstream SMAD-dependent signaling pathways.
In disease research, BMP4 antibodies aid in investigating conditions like pulmonary hypertension, fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), and certain cancers (e.g., colorectal, breast) where BMP4 overexpression or suppression is implicated. Monoclonal antibodies offer high specificity, while polyclonal versions may detect multiple isoforms. Validation via knockout controls or peptide blocking ensures reliability.
Commercially available BMP4 antibodies are critical for both basic research and therapeutic development, including studies exploring BMP4's potential in regenerative medicine, such as bone repair or stem cell differentiation. Their application continues to expand as BMP4's role in metabolic regulation and immune modulation gains attention.