The P2RX7 antibody targets the P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2RX7), an ATP-gated ion channel widely expressed in immune cells, neurons, and other tissues. P2RX7 plays a critical role in mediating extracellular ATP signaling, which is associated with inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and cellular communication. Upon ATP binding, P2RX7 activates downstream pathways, including NLRP3 inflammasome activation, leading to pro-inflammatory cytokine release (e.g., IL-1β, IL-18). Its involvement in pathological processes like neuroinflammation, cancer progression, and autoimmune diseases has made it a focus of research. Antibodies against P2RX7 are essential tools for detecting receptor expression, localization, and function in experimental models. They are used in techniques such as Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry to study P2RX7's role in disease mechanisms or therapeutic targeting. Recent studies explore P2RX7 antagonists for treating chronic inflammation and neurodegenerative disorders, but challenges remain in understanding its dual roles (pro- and anti-inflammatory) across different contexts. Validating antibody specificity is crucial due to splice variants and homologs in the P2X receptor family. Overall, P2RX7 antibodies facilitate mechanistic insights into ATP-mediated signaling and its therapeutic potential.