HAVCR1 (Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1), also known as TIM-1 (T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 1), is a transmembrane protein expressed on immune cells such as T cells, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells. It plays a role in regulating immune responses, including T-cell activation, cytokine production, and apoptotic cell clearance. HAVCR1 interacts with ligands like phosphatidylserine on apoptotic cells, bridging innate and adaptive immunity.
HAVCR1 antibodies are tools used to study its function in diseases. In cancer, HAVCR1 may promote tumor immune evasion, and antibodies targeting it are explored for therapeutic blockade. In autoimmune disorders (e.g., asthma, allergies), its overexpression correlates with dysregulated immunity, making it a potential biomarker or therapeutic target. Additionally, HAVCR1 serves as an entry receptor for viruses like hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Ebola virus pseudotypes, prompting research into neutralizing antibodies for antiviral strategies.
Clinically, anti-HAVCR1 antibodies are utilized in assays (flow cytometry, IHC, Western blot) to detect protein expression or modulate signaling pathways. Their therapeutic potential is under preclinical investigation, particularly in autoimmune and oncology contexts, where blocking HAVCR1 may restore immune balance or enhance antitumor responses. However, its dual roles in immune activation and suppression necessitate careful evaluation of antibody applications.