The ALDOA antibody targets aldolase A, a glycolytic enzyme encoded by the ALDOA gene. Aldolase A (ALDOA) is one of three aldolase isoforms (A, B, C) and plays a critical role in glycolysis by catalyzing the cleavage of fructose-1.6-bisphosphate into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. It is predominantly expressed in muscle tissues, erythrocytes, and other metabolically active cells, where it supports energy production. ALDOA also exhibits non-glycolytic functions, including interactions with cytoskeletal components like actin, suggesting roles in cell structure and motility.
ALDOA antibodies are widely used in research to study enzyme expression, localization, and dysfunction in diseases. Elevated ALDOA levels are associated with cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma, where it may promote tumor progression via enhanced glycolysis (Warburg effect) and metastasis-related pathways. Conversely, ALDOA deficiency is linked to rare inherited disorders like glycogen storage disease type XII (GSDXII), causing exercise intolerance and hemolytic anemia.
In diagnostics, ALDOA antibodies aid in detecting aldolase A in tissue samples, particularly in muscular pathologies. For example, increased serum aldolase (measured using specific antibodies) serves as a biomarker for muscle damage in inflammatory myopathies like dermatomyositis. Additionally, autoantibodies against ALDOA are occasionally observed in autoimmune conditions, highlighting its immunogenic potential. Commercial ALDOA antibodies are validated for techniques such as Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA, contributing to both basic and clinical studies of metabolic and neuromuscular diseases.