The HTR3A antibody targets the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A (HTR3A or 5-HT3A), a ligand-gated ion channel that mediates rapid synaptic transmission in response to serotonin (5-HT). As a key subunit of the 5-HT3 receptor, HTR3A forms homopentameric or heteropentameric complexes with other subunits (e.g., HTR3B) to regulate ion permeability, primarily allowing Na+ and Ca2+ influx upon serotonin binding. This receptor is predominantly expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, particularly in areas involved in nausea, vomiting, pain perception, and mood regulation.
HTR3A antibodies are widely used in neuroscience and pharmacology research to study receptor localization, expression patterns, and functional roles. They enable visualization of HTR3A distribution in tissues via techniques like immunohistochemistry or Western blotting. Dysregulation of HTR3A has been implicated in gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome), psychiatric conditions (e.g., anxiety, schizophrenia), and chemotherapy-induced emesis. The development of selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (e.g., ondansetron) for anti-emetic therapies underscores its clinical relevance.
These antibodies also aid in exploring genetic polymorphisms in the HTR3A gene, which may influence receptor function and individual susceptibility to diseases or drug responses. Their specificity and validation in relevant biological models are critical for ensuring reliable experimental outcomes.