CD147 antibody targets the CD147 protein, a transmembrane glycoprotein also known as Basigin or EMMPRIN (Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer). Belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, CD147 is widely expressed in various tissues, including immune cells, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells. It plays critical roles in physiological and pathological processes, such as cell adhesion, inflammation, tissue remodeling, and cancer progression. Notably, CD147 interacts with cyclophilins and facilitates the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), promoting extracellular matrix degradation and tumor metastasis.
In infectious diseases, CD147 serves as a receptor for pathogens like SARS-CoV-2 and malaria parasites, aiding viral entry into host cells. CD147 antibodies, developed as therapeutic or research tools, aim to block these interactions. In oncology, anti-CD147 antibodies inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by disrupting MMP induction and angiogenesis. Additionally, they show potential in modulating immune responses, as CD147 regulates T-cell activation and cytokine production.
Despite promising applications, challenges remain, including understanding isoform-specific functions and minimizing off-target effects. Current research focuses on optimizing antibody specificity and exploring combination therapies. CD147 antibodies thus represent a versatile tool for studying disease mechanisms and developing targeted treatments across cancer, infectious diseases, and autoimmune disorders.