**Background of NGF Antibodies**
Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), discovered in the 1950s, is a neurotrophic protein critical for the survival, development, and function of sensory and sympathetic neurons. It binds to two receptors: TrkA (tyrosine kinase receptor A) and p75NTR (neurotrophin receptor), regulating pain signaling, inflammation, and tissue repair. Dysregulated NGF signaling is implicated in chronic pain conditions (e.g., osteoarthritis, neuropathic pain), inflammatory diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders.
NGF antibodies are therapeutic agents designed to neutralize NGF activity, primarily targeting its interaction with TrkA/p75NTR. By blocking NGF-mediated pathways, these antibodies aim to reduce pain and inflammation while minimizing opioid-like side effects. The development of NGF inhibitors gained momentum in the 2000s, with monoclonal antibodies like tanezumab showing promise in clinical trials for osteoarthritis and cancer pain. However, safety concerns, including rare cases of joint damage, led to regulatory challenges and paused approvals.
Research continues to refine NGF antibody specificity, dosing, and applications, particularly for conditions lacking effective treatments. Their dual role in modulating pain and neurogenic inflammation highlights potential in diverse fields, from neurology to rheumatology, though balancing efficacy and safety remains a key focus.