GPR171 (G Protein-Coupled Receptor 171) is an orphan receptor belonging to the class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. Initially identified through genomic studies, its endogenous ligand remained unknown until recent research suggested that big dynorphin, a neuropeptide derived from prodynorphin, may act as its agonist. GPR171 is predominantly expressed in the central nervous system, particularly in regions like the hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus, implicating its potential roles in regulating appetite, stress responses, and emotional behaviors. It has also been detected in peripheral tissues, including the immune system and pancreas, suggesting broader physiological functions.
Antibodies targeting GPR171 are critical tools for studying its expression, localization, and signaling mechanisms. They enable researchers to visualize receptor distribution in tissues via immunohistochemistry, quantify protein levels through Western blotting, and investigate receptor internalization or trafficking in cellular models. Due to GPR171's emerging association with metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer, its antibodies hold therapeutic potential for drug development. For instance, modulating GPR171 activity might offer novel strategies for treating obesity or anxiety-related conditions. However, challenges remain in fully elucidating its downstream pathways and validating its ligand-receptor interactions. Current research continues to explore GPR171's role in cellular communication and disease, with specific antibodies serving as indispensable reagents for both basic and translational studies.