The Regulator of G-protein Signaling 12 (RGS12) is a multifunctional scaffolding protein that modulates G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling by accelerating GTP hydrolysis on activated Gα subunits, thereby terminating downstream signaling. RGS12 belongs to the RGS protein family, specifically the B/R12 subfamily, and is characterized by unique structural domains, including a PDZ domain, PTB domain, and a phosphorylated tyrosine-binding region. These domains enable RGS12 to interact with diverse signaling molecules, integrating pathways involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and transcriptional regulation. RGS12 antibodies are essential tools for studying its expression, localization, and functional roles in physiological and pathological contexts.
These antibodies are widely used in techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence to detect RGS12 in tissues or cultured cells. Research has implicated RGS12 in processes such as neuronal development, immune response, and cancer progression, where its dysregulation may contribute to disease mechanisms. For example, RGS12 is overexpressed in certain cancers, influencing tumor growth and metastasis, while its role in neuropathic pain pathways highlights potential therapeutic targets. Antibody specificity and validation are critical, as cross-reactivity with other RGS family members could confound results. Recent studies continue to explore RGS12’s dual roles as a signaling hub and transcriptional regulator, underscoring the importance of reliable antibodies in unraveling its complex biology.