The EVA1A (Epithelial V-like antigen 1A) antibody is a research tool targeting the EVA1A protein, a transmembrane glycoprotein implicated in cellular processes such as autophagy, apoptosis, and immune regulation. Initially identified for its role in epithelial cell adhesion and development, EVA1A is encoded by the *EVA1A* gene (also known as *TMEM166*) and belongs to the evolutionarily conserved FAM213 protein family. Structurally, it contains a conserved domain with six transmembrane regions, suggesting potential roles in membrane-associated functions.
Recent studies highlight EVA1A's critical involvement in autophagy, a lysosomal degradation pathway essential for cellular homeostasis. EVA1A promotes autophagosome formation by interacting with key autophagy-related proteins like ATG16L1 and GABARAP, thereby modulating cellular responses to stress, nutrient deprivation, or pathogen invasion. Dysregulation of EVA1A has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's and Parkinson's), cancers, and inflammatory disorders, where impaired autophagy contributes to pathogenesis.
The EVA1A antibody is widely used in biomedical research to detect protein expression via techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. It aids in elucidating EVA1A's regulatory mechanisms, subcellular localization, and interactions within autophagy-related pathways. Additionally, its potential as a therapeutic target is under exploration, particularly in diseases characterized by autophagy dysfunction. Despite progress, further studies are needed to fully unravel EVA1A's physiological and pathological roles, making this antibody a vital reagent in ongoing investigations.