The CAPNS1 antibody targets the regulatory subunit of the calpain system, a family of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases. CAPNS1 (also known as calpain small subunit 1) is essential for stabilizing and activating calpain heterodimers, which consist of a catalytic large subunit (e.g., CAPN1/CAPN2) and CAPNS1. Calpains play critical roles in calcium-mediated signaling pathways, influencing processes such as cell migration, apoptosis, cytoskeletal remodeling, and membrane repair. Dysregulation of calpain activity is linked to pathologies including cancer metastasis, neurodegenerative diseases, and muscular dystrophy.
CAPNS1 antibodies are widely used to study calpain expression, localization, and function in diverse biological contexts. These antibodies enable detection of CAPNS1 via techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Researchers also employ CAPNS1 antibodies to investigate calpain complex formation, activity regulation, and interactions with substrates or inhibitors. In disease models, CAPNS1 antibodies help elucidate calpain's role in tissue injury, inflammation, or tumor progression. Additionally, they serve as tools for validating genetic knockdown/knockout models or assessing therapeutic interventions targeting calpain pathways. High specificity and sensitivity are critical for these applications, given the ubiquitous expression of calpains and their tight regulation in cells.