The GJA5 antibody targets the Gap Junction Alpha-5 protein, also known as Connexin 40 (Cx40), a member of the connexin family. Connexins form gap junctions, intercellular channels that facilitate direct communication between adjacent cells by allowing the passage of small molecules, ions, and electrical signals. GJA5/Cx40 is predominantly expressed in the cardiovascular system, including atrial cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. It plays a critical role in maintaining synchronized electrical activity in the heart, particularly in atrial conduction, and regulates vascular tone.
Antibodies against GJA5 are widely used in research to study its expression, localization, and function in normal and pathological conditions. For example, altered GJA5 expression has been linked to atrial fibrillation, congenital heart defects, and hypertension. Researchers employ these antibodies in techniques like immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence to visualize Cx40 distribution in tissues or assess its protein levels. Additionally, GJA5 antibodies aid in exploring the molecular mechanisms of gap junction remodeling in disease models, offering insights into potential therapeutic targets. Their specificity and reliability are crucial for distinguishing Cx40 from other connexin isoforms, such as Cx43 or Cx37. which share structural similarities but differ in tissue distribution and function.