The prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS) antibody is a crucial tool in studying the enzyme responsible for synthesizing prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), a lipid mediator involved in diverse physiological and pathological processes. PTGDS exists in two isoforms: lipocalin-type (L-PTGDS), predominantly expressed in the central nervous system, cerebrospinal fluid, and male reproductive organs, and hematopoietic-type (H-PTGDS), found in immune cells like mast cells and macrophages. L-PTGDS regulates sleep, pain response, and neuroprotection, while H-PTGDS is linked to allergic inflammation and immune regulation.
PTGDS antibodies are widely used to detect protein expression, localization, and quantification in tissues or biological fluids via techniques like Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA. They aid in exploring PTGDS roles in diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer’s), cancer, asthma, and metabolic syndromes. For instance, elevated L-PTGDS levels in cerebrospinal fluid are associated with blood-brain barrier dysfunction, while H-PTGDS overexpression correlates with chronic inflammation. Researchers also utilize these antibodies to investigate PTGDS as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target. Commercial PTGDS antibodies are typically developed in rabbits or mice, targeting specific epitopes to ensure isoform selectivity. Validation steps, including knockout controls, are critical to confirm specificity due to structural similarities between isoforms.