APOM (Apolipoprotein M) is a lipid-binding protein primarily associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL), playing a critical role in cholesterol metabolism and inflammation regulation. Discovered in 1999. it is encoded by the APOM gene and structurally belongs to the lipocalin protein family. APOM facilitates the transport of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid involved in endothelial function, immune response, and vascular integrity. Its interaction with HDL enhances S1P stability and bioavailability, linking APOM to anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory pathways.
APOM antibodies are essential tools for studying its expression, localization, and function in both physiological and pathological contexts. They enable detection of APOM in tissues and biological fluids, aiding research into metabolic disorders like atherosclerosis, diabetes, and obesity. Studies using APOM antibodies have revealed reduced APOM levels in conditions such as acute coronary syndrome, chronic kidney disease, and sepsis, suggesting its potential as a biomarker. Additionally, these antibodies support investigations into APOM's role in cancer progression, where altered expression may influence tumor angiogenesis or metastasis.
Recent research focuses on APOM's therapeutic potential. Antibodies targeting APOM-S1P interactions are being explored for modulating inflammatory responses or improving HDL functionality. Challenges persist in fully elucidating APOM's molecular mechanisms, driving continued demand for high-specificity antibodies in structural and functional studies.