FES antibodies target the FES tyrosine kinase, a protein encoded by the *FES* (Feline Sarcoma) proto-oncogene. Originally identified in retroviruses causing feline sarcomas, the cellular FES kinase belongs to the non-receptor tyrosine kinase family and plays critical roles in cell signaling, differentiation, and survival. FES is widely expressed in hematopoietic cells, endothelial cells, and certain epithelial tissues, where it regulates processes like cytoskeletal organization, cytokine signaling, and immune responses. Its kinase activity is activated by diverse stimuli, including growth factors, integrin engagement, and inflammatory cytokines.
FES antibodies are essential tools for studying its expression, phosphorylation status, and interactions in both normal physiology and disease contexts. Researchers use these antibodies in techniques such as Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry to explore FES involvement in hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, and cancer. Aberrant FES expression or activity has been linked to malignancies like leukemia and solid tumors, though its role remains context-dependent, acting as either an oncogene or tumor suppressor.
Recent studies also highlight FES in inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases, broadening its therapeutic relevance. Commercial FES antibodies are typically validated for specificity across human, mouse, and rat models, aiding translational research. Despite progress, the dual roles of FES in pro-survival and pro-apoptotic pathways underscore the need for further investigation to clarify its mechanistic contributions and therapeutic potential.