Nidogen-2 (NID2), also known as osteonidogen, is a basement membrane glycoprotein critical for maintaining extracellular matrix (ECM) stability. It interacts with key ECM components like laminins and collagen IV, facilitating tissue organization and cell signaling. The NID2 antibody, a tool to detect this protein, has gained attention in biomedical research, particularly in cancer studies.
NID2 is structurally characterized by three globular domains and a central linker region, enabling its role in bridging ECM networks. While traditionally studied in developmental contexts, recent research highlights its dual role in cancer progression. Some studies suggest NID2 promotes tumor invasion and metastasis by modulating ECM remodeling and activating oncogenic pathways (e.g., EMT). Conversely, other evidence indicates tumor-suppressive effects in specific cancers, possibly through ECM stabilization. This functional dichotomy has sparked debates about its context-dependent roles in tumor microenvironments.
Clinically, NID2 antibodies are explored as diagnostic biomarkers. Hypermethylation of the NID2 gene and its protein overexpression have been detected in urine samples of bladder cancer patients, showing diagnostic promise. Similar investigations extend to ovarian, breast, and colorectal cancers. Beyond oncology, NID2 dysregulation is linked to kidney diseases and cardiovascular disorders, though these areas remain understudied. Current challenges include standardizing detection methods and clarifying NID2's precise mechanisms across diseases. Ongoing research aims to validate its therapeutic potential and biomarker reliability in multi-omics frameworks.