CD84 is a cell surface glycoprotein belonging to the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family, which plays a role in immune regulation and cell-cell communication. It is encoded by the *CD84* gene and expressed primarily on immune cells, including B cells, T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and platelets. Structurally, CD84 contains extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains, a transmembrane region, and cytoplasmic tyrosine-based signaling motifs that recruit adaptor proteins like SAP (SLAM-associated protein). Its interactions, often homophilic (binding to CD84 on adjacent cells), modulate immune responses such as cell activation, adhesion, and cytokine production.
CD84 antibodies are tools used to study this protein's expression, function, and involvement in diseases. Research suggests CD84 is implicated in autoimmune disorders, hematologic malignancies, and inflammatory conditions. For example, elevated CD84 expression has been observed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and lupus, making it a potential biomarker or therapeutic target. Antibodies targeting CD84 have been utilized in flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and functional assays to explore its role in immune signaling pathways or tumor microenvironments. Recent studies also investigate CD84 antibodies in preclinical models for blocking pathogenic interactions or delivering cytotoxic agents in cancer therapy. However, its precise mechanisms and therapeutic potential remain under active investigation, highlighting the need for further characterization of CD84-specific antibody applications.