TYRO3 antibodies are immunological tools designed to target and study the TYRO3 protein, a receptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the TAM family (TYRO3. AXL, MER). TYRO3 is expressed in various tissues, including the nervous, immune, and reproductive systems, and plays critical roles in cell survival, proliferation, and immune regulation. Structurally, it contains extracellular immunoglobulin-like and fibronectin type III domains, a transmembrane region, and an intracellular kinase domain. Its activation typically occurs via binding to ligands like Gas6 and Protein S, triggering downstream signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT and MAPK.
Research on TYRO3 antibodies has grown due to the protein’s dual role in health and disease. In normal physiology, TYRO3 contributes to neurodevelopment, platelet aggregation, and phagocytosis. However, dysregulated TYRO3 signaling is implicated in cancer progression (e.g., metastasis, drug resistance), autoimmune disorders, and viral infections (e.g., Zika, Ebola). Antibodies against TYRO3 are utilized to inhibit its oncogenic activity, block ligand-receptor interactions, or detect expression levels in experimental models. They also serve as diagnostic tools to assess TYRO3 overexpression in tumors or as therapeutic candidates in preclinical studies.
Despite their potential, challenges remain, including optimizing antibody specificity and minimizing off-target effects. Current studies focus on developing monoclonal or bispecific antibodies to enhance clinical efficacy. Overall, TYRO3 antibodies represent a promising avenue for understanding TAM receptor biology and advancing targeted therapies.