The ITGA2B antibody targets integrin alpha-IIb (αIIb), a critical subunit of the αIIbβ3 integrin heterodimer (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa). This integrin is predominantly expressed on platelets and megakaryocytes, playing a pivotal role in platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. The αIIbβ3 complex binds fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and other ligands upon platelet activation, mediating crosslinking during hemostasis.
Mutations in the ITGA2B gene are linked to Glanzmann thrombasthenia, a rare bleeding disorder characterized by defective platelet aggregation. ITGA2B antibodies are essential tools in diagnosing this condition, often via flow cytometry or immunoassays to assess αIIbβ3 expression or function.
In research, ITGA2B antibodies are used to study platelet activation mechanisms, thrombosis, and inflammation. They also aid in developing antiplatelet therapies; for example, drugs like abciximab block αIIbβ3 to prevent clotting in cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, these antibodies help investigate integrin signaling pathways and their roles in cancer metastasis or immune responses.
Overall, ITGA2B antibodies serve both clinical and experimental purposes, bridging insights into platelet biology, genetic disorders, and therapeutic interventions.