The NBL1 antibody targets the protein product of the neuroblastoma suppressor of tumorigenicity 1 (NBL1) gene, also known as DAN family BMP antagonist member 1 (DAN). NBL1 belongs to the DAN family of secreted glycoproteins, which act as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists by binding to BMP ligands and inhibiting their interaction with receptors. This regulation is critical for balancing BMP-mediated signaling pathways involved in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and cell differentiation.
NBL1 is implicated as a potential tumor suppressor, with studies showing its downregulation in various cancers, including neuroblastoma, glioblastoma, and colorectal cancer. Reduced NBL1 expression correlates with tumor progression, metastasis, and poor prognosis, suggesting its role in restraining oncogenic pathways.
Antibodies against NBL1 are widely used in research to detect protein expression and localization via techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. These tools help elucidate NBL1's functional mechanisms, including its interaction with BMPs and other signaling molecules. Some studies also explore its diagnostic or therapeutic potential in cancers. However, variability in NBL1 expression across tissues and cancer types underscores the complexity of its biological roles, necessitating further investigation. Most NBL1 antibodies are raised in rabbits or mice using immunogenic peptide sequences, with validation in specific experimental models.