The GNG3 antibody is a research tool designed to detect and study the G protein subunit gamma 3 (GNG3), a component of heterotrimeric G proteins involved in intracellular signaling pathways. G proteins, composed of α, β, and γ subunits, mediate signal transduction from G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to downstream effectors. GNG3 specifically belongs to the γ-subunit family, which plays a critical role in modulating the specificity and efficiency of GPCR signaling by influencing interactions between Gβγ complexes and target molecules.
GNG3 is expressed in various tissues, including the brain, liver, and heart, and has been implicated in processes such as neurotransmission, cell differentiation, and metabolic regulation. Antibodies targeting GNG3 are widely used in techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence to investigate its expression patterns, localization, and functional roles in physiological and pathological contexts.
Research utilizing GNG3 antibodies has contributed to understanding its association with diseases, including cancers (e.g., glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma) and neurological disorders, where dysregulated G protein signaling is often observed. These antibodies are essential for elucidating molecular mechanisms involving GNG3 and validating its potential as a therapeutic or diagnostic target. Validation of antibody specificity, through methods like knockout controls or siRNA knockdown, is crucial to ensure reliable experimental outcomes.