The SEMA4A antibody targets Semaphorin-4A (SEMA4A), a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the semaphorin family, which plays critical roles in axonal guidance, immune regulation, and vascular development. SEMA4A interacts with receptors like Plexin B and Tim-2. modulating signaling pathways involved in cell migration, adhesion, and immune response. In the immune system, SEMA4A regulates T-cell activation, dendritic cell function, and Th1/Th17 differentiation, linking it to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Dysregulation of SEMA4A has been implicated in pathologies such as cancer, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and allergic disorders, where it may promote angiogenesis, metastasis, or immune dysregulation.
Antibodies against SEMA4A are primarily used as research tools to study its biological functions and therapeutic potential. Monoclonal antibodies blocking SEMA4A or its receptors have shown promise in preclinical models, attenuating autoimmune inflammation or inhibiting tumor growth by disrupting pro-angiogenic or immunosuppressive signals. However, the dual roles of SEMA4A in immune homeostasis and disease complicate therapeutic targeting, necessitating context-specific approaches. Current research focuses on clarifying its mechanisms in different microenvironments and optimizing antibody-based strategies for clinical translation.