SAMSN1 (SAM domain, SH3 domain, and nuclear localization signals 1), also known as HACS1. is an adaptor protein involved in immune regulation and cellular signaling. It is primarily expressed in immune cells, including B cells, T cells, and macrophages, where it modulates signal transduction pathways triggered by receptors such as the B-cell receptor (BCR) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs). SAMSN1 contains multiple functional domains that enable interactions with signaling molecules, including kinases and phosphatases, influencing processes like cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Studies link SAMSN1 to immune response regulation, hematopoietic cell development, and tumor suppression, with dysregulation observed in cancers (e.g., lymphoma) and autoimmune disorders.
SAMSN1 antibodies are essential tools for studying its expression, localization, and molecular interactions. They are widely used in techniques such as Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunoprecipitation (IP) to investigate SAMSN1's role in signaling pathways (e.g., MAPK, NF-κB) and disease mechanisms. These antibodies, often raised in rabbits or mice, target specific epitopes within SAMSN1's SAM or SH3 domains. Research utilizing SAMSN1 antibodies has provided insights into its dual role as a tumor suppressor in certain contexts and a potential oncogene in others, highlighting its therapeutic and diagnostic relevance in immune-related pathologies and cancer.