The PHLDA3 (Pleckstrin Homology-Like Domain Family A Member 3) antibody is a tool used to detect the PHLDA3 protein, a member of the PH domain-containing protein family involved in apoptosis, cell proliferation, and stress responses. PHLDA3 is encoded by the *PHLDA3* gene, located on human chromosome 1q32.1. and is regulated by the tumor suppressor p53 (TP53). The protein contains a PH-like domain that mediates interactions with lipids or other proteins, influencing intracellular signaling pathways. Notably, PHLDA3 acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting the Akt signaling pathway, promoting apoptosis in cancer cells. It is also implicated in metabolic regulation, particularly in pancreatic β-cells, where it interacts with PPARγ to modulate insulin secretion and cell survival under stress.
PHLDA3 expression is tissue-specific, with high levels observed in the pancreas, placenta, and certain brain regions. Dysregulation of PHLDA3 has been linked to cancers (e.g., neuroendocrine tumors, lung adenocarcinoma) and diabetes. The PHLDA3 antibody is widely used in research to study its role in tumor suppression, metabolic diseases, and cellular stress responses via techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence (IF). Validated antibodies target specific epitopes, enabling detection of endogenous PHLDA3 (~30-35 kDa) across species, including human, mouse, and rat. Its clinical relevance is emerging, with potential applications as a biomarker or therapeutic target.