The NRXN3 antibody targets the protein product of the NRXN3 (neurexin 3) gene, a member of the neurexin family of presynaptic cell adhesion molecules. Neurexins play critical roles in synapse formation, maintenance, and function by interacting with postsynaptic ligands like neuroligins. NRXN3 exists in multiple isoforms (α and β) generated by alternative splicing, which influence its binding specificity and functional diversity. It is highly expressed in the central nervous system, particularly in regions associated with reward pathways, addiction, and neurodevelopmental processes.
Research links NRXN3 to neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, and substance use disorders, with genetic variations in NRXN3 associated with altered synaptic connectivity and behavioral phenotypes. NRXN3 antibodies are essential tools for studying its expression, localization, and interactions in neuronal tissues. They are used in techniques like immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence to explore its role in synaptic plasticity and disease mechanisms.
Recent studies also suggest NRXN3's involvement in regulating neurotransmitter release and its potential as a biomarker for certain neurological conditions. Commercial NRXN3 antibodies are typically validated for specificity against distinct isoforms or epitopes, aiding in functional studies and translational research. However, challenges remain in standardizing antibody performance across experimental models due to the protein's complexity and splice variants.