Catenin delta 1 (CTNND1), also known as p120-catenin (p120ctn), is a member of the armadillo protein family that plays critical roles in cell-cell adhesion and signaling. It stabilizes cadherins at the plasma membrane by binding to their juxtamembrane domain, particularly E-cadherin, thereby regulating epithelial integrity. Beyond adhesion, CTNND1 modulates intracellular signaling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin and Rho GTPase cascades, influencing cell motility, proliferation, and survival. Dysregulation of CTNND1 is linked to cancer progression, neurodevelopmental disorders, and inflammatory diseases. In cancer, it exhibits dual roles: loss of CTNND1 disrupts cell adhesion, promoting invasion, while overexpression in certain contexts drives oncogenic signaling.
Antibodies targeting CTNND1 are essential tools for studying its expression, localization, and interactions. They are widely used in techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence to assess protein levels in tissues or cell lines, often correlating with disease states. Research applications also include co-immunoprecipitation to map binding partners and elucidate molecular mechanisms. CTNND1 antibodies help identify its splice variants and post-translational modifications, which impact function. Their development has advanced understanding of CTNND1's context-dependent roles in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and synaptic plasticity, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target or diagnostic biomarker.