**Background of HIPK2 Antibodies**
HIPK2 (Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase 2) is a serine/threonine kinase involved in diverse cellular processes, including stress signaling, DNA damage response, apoptosis, and proliferation. It regulates transcription factors (e.g., p53. Wnt/β-catenin) and signaling pathways (e.g., TGF-β, JNK), linking it to diseases like cancer, neurodegeneration, and fibrosis. HIPK2 activity is modulated by post-translational modifications (phosphorylation, ubiquitination) and subcellular localization, often accumulating in nuclear speckles.
HIPK2 antibodies are essential tools for studying its expression, localization, and function. They detect endogenous HIPK2 in techniques like Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation. Due to HIPK2’s multiple isoforms and homology with HIPK1/3. antibody specificity is critical. Some antibodies target unique regions (e.g., kinase domain, C-terminal), while others distinguish phosphorylated forms (e.g., at Thr-880/Ser-882). Validation using knockout cells or siRNA is recommended to confirm selectivity.
Challenges include cross-reactivity, variable isoform detection, and sensitivity to HIPK2’s low abundance or degradation. Researchers use these antibodies to explore HIPK2’s role in diseases, such as its tumor-suppressive or oncogenic duality in cancer, or its regulation of fibrosis pathways. Reliable HIPK2 antibodies advance mechanistic insights and therapeutic targeting in biomedical research.