The CTU1 antibody is a research tool targeting CTU1 (Cancer/Testis Antigen 1), a protein encoded by the *CTU1* gene. Initially identified as a member of the cancer-testis antigen family, CTU1 is typically expressed in germline tissues but aberrantly re-expressed in various cancers, including melanoma, lung, and breast carcinomas. This restricted expression pattern makes CTU1 a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy.
Functionally, CTU1 is involved in post-transcriptional RNA modification, particularly in the thiolation of transfer RNA (tRNA), which influences translational fidelity and cellular stress responses. Its overexpression in tumors correlates with malignant progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance, suggesting roles in oncogenic pathways. The CTU1 antibody, often developed as a monoclonal or polyclonal reagent, enables detection of CTU1 protein expression in immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, or flow cytometry. Researchers utilize it to investigate CTU1's biological roles, validate its diagnostic utility, or explore its relevance in immune-based therapies, such as CAR-T or antibody-drug conjugates. Recent studies also examine its interplay with tumor microenvironments and immune evasion mechanisms. Commercial CTU1 antibodies are typically validated for specificity, though variability in performance across applications necessitates careful optimization. Overall, CTU1 antibodies support ongoing efforts to decipher CTU1's oncogenic mechanisms and its translational potential in precision oncology.