The MXD4 antibody is a research tool designed to detect and study the MAX dimerization protein 4 (MXD4), a member of the MYC/MAX/MXD network. MXD4. also known as MAD4. belongs to the "MXD family" of transcription factors that antagonize MYC oncoprotein activity by competing for binding to MAX, a common dimerization partner. This interaction enables MXD4-MAX heterodimers to repress MYC-target genes involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. MXD4 is implicated in regulating cell cycle exit, tumor suppression, and responses to cellular stress, though its role can be context-dependent, showing both tumor-suppressive and oncogenic behaviors in different cancers.
Antibodies targeting MXD4 are widely used in immunoblotting (Western blot), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence (IF) to assess protein expression levels, localization, and dynamics in tissues or cell lines. They are critical for investigating MXD4's involvement in cancer biology, particularly its interplay with MYC signaling, and its potential as a therapeutic target or biomarker. Commercial MXD4 antibodies are typically raised in rabbits or mice, with validation including knockout cell line controls to ensure specificity. Researchers rely on these reagents to explore MXD4's role in diseases beyond cancer, such as metabolic disorders or neurodegenerative conditions, where MYC pathway dysregulation may contribute to pathogenesis.