11.1 Information on toxicological effects
Mixture Acute toxicity
Oral: No data available
Symptoms: Irritations of mucous membranes in the mouth, pharynx, oesophagus and gastrointestinal tract.
Inhalation: No data available
Symptoms: Possible symptoms:, mucosal irritations
Dermal: No data available
Skin corrosion/irritation
Remarks: Mixture causes skin irritation.
Serious eye damage/eye irritation
Remarks: Mixture causes serious eye irritation.
Respiratory or skin sensitization
Classified based on available data. For more details, see section 2
Germ cell mutagenicity
Classified based on available data. For more details, see section 2
Carcinogenicity
Classified based on available data. For more details, see section 2
Reproductive toxicity
Classified based on available data. For more details, see section 2
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure
Classified based on available data. For more details, see section 2
Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure
Classified based on available data. For more details, see section 2
Aspiration hazard
Aspiration hazard, Aspiration may cause pulmonary oedema and pneumonitis.
11.2 Additional Information
Inhalation of high concentrations of benzene may have an initial stimulatory effect on the central nervous system characterized by exhilaration, nervous excitation and/or giddiness, depression, drowsiness, or fatigue. The victim may experience tightness in the chest, breathlessness, and loss of consciousness. Tremors, convul- sions, and death due to respiratory paralysis or circulatory collapse can occur in a few minutes to several hours following severe exposures. Aspiration of small amounts of liquid immediately causes pulmonary edema and hemorrhage of pul- monary tissue. Direct skin contact may cause erythema. Repeated or prolonged skin contact may result in drying, scaling dermatitis, or development of secondary skin infections. The chief target organ is the hematopoietic system. Bleeding from the nose, gums, or mucous membranes and the development of purpuric spots, pancytopenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia, and leukemia may occur as the condition progresses. The bone marrow may appear normal, aplastic or hyperplastic, and may not correlate with peripheral blood-forming tissues. The onset of effects of prolonged benzene exposure may be delayed for many months or years after the actual exposure has ceased., Material is extremely destructive to tissue of the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract, eyes, and skin., spasm, inflammation and edema of the larynx, spasm, inflammation and edema of the bronchi, pneumonitis, pulmonary edema, burning sensation, Cough, wheezing, laryngitis, Shortness of breath, Headache
Components benzene
Acute toxicity
LD50 Oral - Rat - male - > 2,000 mg/kg (OECD Test Guideline 401)
Symptoms: Nausea
LD50 Oral - Rat - male and female - 3,002 mg/kg (OECD Test Guideline 401)
Symptoms: Risk of aspiration upon vomiting., Aspiration may cause pulmo- nary oedema and pneumonitis.
Symptoms: mucosal irritations
LD50 Dermal - Rabbit - 13,630 mg/kg
Remarks: (IUCLID)
Skin corrosion/irritation
Skin - Rabbit
Result: irritating (OECD Test Guideline 404)
Remarks: (ECHA)
Serious eye damage/eye irritation
Eyes - Rabbit
Result: Irritating to eyes.
(OECD Test Guideline 405)
Remarks: (IUCLID)
Remarks: Classified according to Regulation (EU) 1272/2008, Annex VI (Table 3.1/3.2)
Respiratory or skin sensitization
Maximisation Test - Guinea pig
Result: negative (OECD Test Guideline 406)
Germ cell mutagenicity
May cause genetic defects.
Test Type: Ames test
Test system: Escherichia coli/Salmonella typhimurium
Result: negative
Test Type: In vitro mammalian cell gene mutation test
Test system: mouse lymphoma cells
Result: negative
Test Type: Chromosome aberration test in vitro
Test system: Chinese hamster lung cells
Result: negative
Method: OECD Test Guideline 474
Species: Mouse - male - Bone marrow
Result: positive
Carcinogenicity
May cause cancer. Positive evidence from human epidemiological studies.
Reproductive toxicity
Classified based on available data. For more details, see section 2
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure
Classified based on available data. For more details, see section 2
Acute oral toxicity - Nausea
Acute oral toxicity - Risk of aspiration upon vomiting., Aspiration may cause pulmonary oedema and pneumonitis.
Acute inhalation toxicity - mucosal irritations
Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure
Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.
- Blood
Remarks: Classified according to Regulation (EU) 1272/2008, Annex VI (Table 3.1/3.2)
Aspiration hazard
Aspiration may cause pulmonary oedema and pneumonitis.
Cyclohexane Acute toxicity
LD50 Oral - Rat - male and female - > 5,000 mg/kg (OECD Test Guideline 401)
Symptoms: gastric pain, Stomach/intestinal disorders
LC50 Inhalation - Rat - male and female - 4 h - > 32,800 mg/l - vapour (OECD Test Guideline 403)
Symptoms: Possible damages:, Irritation symptoms in the respiratory tract., Inhalation may lead to the formation of oedemas in the respiratory tract.
LD50 Dermal - Rabbit - male and female - > 2,000 mg/kg (OECD Test Guideline 402)
Skin corrosion/irritation
Remarks: Causes skin irritation.
Classified according to Regulation (EU) 1272/2008, Annex VI (Table 3.1/3.2)
Serious eye damage/eye irritation
Remarks: No data available
Respiratory or skin sensitization
Buehler Test - Guinea pig
Result: negative (Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008, Annex, B.6)
Germ cell mutagenicity
Test Type: Ames test
Test system: Salmonella typhimurium
Result: negative
Test Type: In vitro mammalian cell gene mutation test
Test system: Mouse lymphoma test
Result: negative
Method: OECD Test Guideline 475
Species: Rat - male and female - Bone marrow
Result: negative
Carcinogenicity
Classified based on available data. For more details, see section 2
Reproductive toxicity
Classified based on available data. For more details, see section 2
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure
May cause drowsiness or dizziness.
Acute oral toxicity - gastric pain, Stomach/intestinal disorders
Acute inhalation toxicity - Possible damages:, Irritation symptoms in the respiratory tract., Inhalation may lead to the formation of oedemas in the respiratory tract.
Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure Aspiration hazard
May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways.Aspiration hazard, Aspiration may cause pulmonary oedema and pneumonitis.
Ethyllithium Acute toxicity
Oral: No data available
Inhalation: No data available
Dermal: No data available
Skin corrosion/irritation
Remarks: No data available
Serious eye damage/eye irritation
Remarks: No data available
Respiratory or skin sensitization
Classified based on available data. For more details, see section 2
Germ cell mutagenicity
Classified based on available data. For more details, see section 2
Carcinogenicity
Classified based on available data. For more details, see section 2
Reproductive toxicity
Classified based on available data. For more details, see section 2
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure
Classified based on available data. For more details, see section 2
Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure
Classified based on available data. For more details, see section 2
Aspiration hazard
Classified based on available data. For more details, see section 2