Water

Q: How much water will cause hyponatremia?

There is no fixed universal amount of water that triggers hyponatremia, as it depends on age, body weight, kidney function, and overall health. For a healthy adult, drinking more than 3 to 4 liters of water within a few hours can overwhelm the kidneys' ability to excrete excess fluid, diluting sodium levels in the blood. People with weaker kidney function, endurance athletes, or those who drink water extremely quickly may develop hyponatremia with even less intake, while rapid, excessive water consumption disrupts electrolyte balance and can lead to symptoms like nausea, headache, confusion, or in severe cases, seizures and organ damage.

Water Properties

Melting point	0.0 °C
Boiling point	100 °C(lit.)
Density	0.998 g/cm3 (20℃)
vapor density	<1 (vs air)
vapor pressure	3 mm Hg ( 37 °C)
refractive index	n20/D 1.34(lit.)
storage temp.	Store at +5°C to +30°C.
solubility	Miscible in methanol, acetone, Ethanol.
form	liquid
color	colorless
Specific Gravity	1.000 (20/20℃)
Relative polarity	9
Odor	at 100.00%. odorless
PH	7 (20 °C)
Water Solubility	Soluble in water. Insoluble in polar liquids.
Thermal Conductivity	0.6065 W/(m·K) at 25 ℃
λmax	λ: 205 nm Amax: 0.01 λ: 210 nm Amax: 0.01 λ: 250-400 nm Amax: 0.005
Merck	14,10039
BRN	2050024
Dielectric constant	88.0（0℃）
Stability	Stable. Incompatible with reactive metals.
Cosmetics Ingredients Functions	SKIN CONDITIONING SOLVENT ANTIPLAQUE HUMECTANT VISCOSITY CONTROLLING
Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)	Water (7732-18-5)
InChI	1S/H2O/h1H2
InChIKey	XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES	O
LogP	-1.380 (est)
Surface tension	72.56mN/m at 293.15K
FDA 21 CFR	1230.34; 165.110; 107.10; 133.123; 133.124; 133.169; 145.110; 161.190; 201.327; 352.70; 558.258
CAS DataBase Reference	7732-18-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores	1
FDA UNII	059QF0KO0R
EPA Substance Registry System	Water (7732-18-5)
Cosmetics Info	Water
Absorption	in accordance at 200-800nm
UNSPSC Code	50202301
NACRES	SE.11
CAS Number Unlabeled	7732-18-5

SAFETY

Risk and Safety Statements

Symbol(GHS)

GHS07

Signal word

Warning

Hazard statements

H315-H319-H335

Precautionary statements

P280-P305+P351+P338-P321

Hazard Codes

Safety Statements

26

WGK Germany

nwg

RTECS

ZC0110000

F

34

TSCA

TSCA listed

HS Code

28530010

Storage Class

12 - Non Combustible Liquids

Hazardous Substances Data

7732-18-5(Hazardous Substances Data)

NFPA 704

	1
4		3

Water price More Price(183)

Manufacturer	Product number	Product description	CAS number	Packaging	Price	Updated	Buy
Sigma-Aldrich	WX0004	Water gradient grade, Meets Reagent Specifications for testing USP/NF monographs OmniSolv?	7732-18-5	1L	$59.2	2026-04-30	Buy
Sigma-Aldrich	WX0008	Water HPLC	7732-18-5	4L	$162	2026-04-30	Buy
Sigma-Aldrich	WX0004	Water gradient grade, Meets Reagent Specifications for testing USP/NF monographs OmniSolv?	7732-18-5	4L	$186	2026-04-30	Buy
Sigma-Aldrich	WX0004	Water gradient grade, Meets Reagent Specifications for testing USP/NF monographs OmniSolv?	7732-18-5	20L	$817	2026-04-30	Buy
Sigma-Aldrich	WX0003	Water OmniTrace Ultra	7732-18-5	1L	$181	2026-04-30	Buy

Product number	Packaging	Price	Buy
WX0004	1L	$59.2	Buy
WX0008	4L	$162	Buy
WX0004	4L	$186	Buy
WX0004	20L	$817	Buy
WX0003	1L	$181	Buy

Water Chemical Properties,Uses,Production

Physical properties

Colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid; refractive index 1.3330; exists in three allotropic forms: solid ice, liquid water, and gaseous steam (or vapor); density of water increases with temperature, becomes maximum 1.0000 g/mL at 3.98°C and then decreases with rise in temperatures; density at 25°C 0.997 g/cm3; density of water at 100°C 0.9584 g/mL; density of steam 0.000596 g/mL at 100°C. Water freezes to ice at 0°C; expands by about 10% on freezing; boils at 100°C; vapor pressure at 0°, 20°, 50°, and 100°C are 4.6, 17.5, 92.5, and 760 torr, respectively; dielectric constant 80.2 at 20°C and 76.6 at 30°C; dipole moment in benzene at 25°C 1.76; critical temperature 373.99°C; critical pressure 217.8 atm; critical density 0.322 g/cm3; viscosity 0.01002 poise at 20°C; surface tension 73 dynes/cm at 20°C; dissolves ionic substances; miscible with mineral acids, alkalies; low molecular weight alcohols, aldehydes and ketones; forms an azeotrope with several solvents; immiscible with nonpolar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride, hexane, chloroform, benzene, toluene, and carbon disulfide.

Uses

Water is among the most important compounds on earth. It is the main constituent of the hydrosphere, which along with the mantle, crust, and the atmosphere are the four components of our planet. It is present everywhere on earth and is essential for sustenance of life. Water also determines climate, weather pattern, and energy balance on earth. It also is one of the most abundant compounds. The mass of all water on earth is 1.4x1021 kg and the total volume is about 1.4x109 km3, which includes 97.20% of salt water of oceans, 2.15% of fresh water in polar ice caps and glaciers, 0.009% in freshwater lakes, 0.008% in saline lakes, 0.62% as ground waters, 0.005% in soil moisture; 0.0001% in stream channels and 0.001% as vapors and moisture in the atmosphere. Among the major industrial applications of water are generation of hydroelectric power, steam generation, industrial solvent, diluent, moderator in nuclear reactions, industrial coolant, washing and cleaning, textile processing, preparation of food and beverages, filtration processes, and generation of hydrogen by electrolysis. Also, water provides the aqueous phase to carry out innumerable chemical reactions in the production of myriads of chemical substances including mineral acids, alkalies and their salts.

Reactions

Water undergoes autoionization to a small extent; the ionization constant at 25°C is 1.008x10–14: 2H2O(l) ↔ H3O+(aq) + OH¯ Water reacts both as an acid and a base. With bases it reacts as an acid: NH3(aq) + H2O(l) ↔ NH4+(aq) + OH¯; and with acids it reacts as a base: HCl (aq) + H2O(l) → H3O+(aq) + Cl¯(aq) Water reacts with many metal oxides and nonmetal oxides forming bases and acids, respectively: MgO(s) + H2O(l) → Mg(OH)2(s) CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2 (s) N2O5(s) + H2O(l) → 2HNO3(l) P4O10(s) + 6H2O (l) → 4H3PO4(s) Water also behaves both as an oxidizing and reducing agent. With alkali and alkaline earth metals, which are strong reducing agents, water acts as an oxidizing agent. Reactions occur violently or vigorously at ambient temperatures with all alkali metals and calcium, strontium, and barium forming their hydroxides with liberation of hydrogen: 2K(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2KOH(aq) + H2(g) Ca(s) + 2H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(s) + H2(g) With less active metals, reactions occur at high temperatures. In such reactions oxides are formed instead of hydroxides, liberating hydrogen: Mg(s) + H2O(l) → MgO(s) + H2(g) Ni(s) + H2O (l) → NiO(s) + H2(g) 3Fe(s) + 4H2O (l) → Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g) Water reacts with nonmetals and metalloid elements at very high temperatures forming oxides: C(s) + H2O(g) →CO(g) + H2(g) Ge(s) + 2H2O(l) →GeO2(s) + 2H2 (g) Water behaves as a reducing agent in reactions with oxidizing agents: 2F2 (g) + 2H2O (l) → 4HF (aq) + O2 (g) Water reacts with carbon monoxide at high temperatures (200 to 400°) in the presence of a catalyst to yield carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The reaction also is known as water-gas shift reaction: CO(g) + H2O(l) ↔ CO2 (g) + H2 (g) Water reacts with metal hydrides liberating hydrogen. With the hydrides of sodium and potassium the reaction progresses with explosive violence: NaH + H2O → NaOH + H2 With alkali metal amides violent reactions occur, forming alkali hydroxides and ammonia: NaNH2 + H2O → NaOH + NH3 Violent reactions occur with lithium aluminum hydride and similar compounds: LiAlH4 + 4H2O → LiOH + Al(OH)3 + 4H2 Sodium ethoxide decomposes in water forming sodium hydroxide and ethanol: NaOC2H5 + H2O → NaOH + C2H5OH Sulfuryl chloride, SO2Cl2, reacts with ice-cold water to form a hydrate, SO2Cl2•15H2O. However, at ambient temperature water decomposes sulfuryl chloride slowly forming sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid: SO2Cl2 + 2H2O → H2SO4 + 2HCl Water reacts with calcium carbide to form acetylene: CaC2 + H2O → C2H2 + CaO Water forms hydrates with a large number of metal salts. Such hydrates are formed from absorption of moisture from air by anhydrous salts. Examples are Na2SO4•7H2O, CuSO4•5H2O, and BaCl2•2H2O. In many salt hydrates, water molecules coordinate to the metal ions, e.g., [Ni(H2O)6](NO3)2. Organic esters are hydrolyzed to form corresponding organic acids and alcohol. The reaction is catalyzed by acids: RCOOR’ + H2O → RCOOH + R’OH

Production Methods

Water is produced by combustion of hydrogen with oxygen at high temperatures in the presence of a catalyst. Also, all combustion reactions of hydrocarbons (C, H compounds) or oxygenated hydrocarbons (C, H, O) yield water and carbon dioxide:
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
2CH3OH + 2O2 → 2CO2 + 4H2O
All acid-base neutralization reactions form water:
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + 4H2O
Organic condensation reactions eliminate a water molecule:
CH3COOH + C2H5OH → CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
Many hydroxides dehydrate at high temperatures forming oxides and water:
Ca(OH)2 → CaO + H2O
Water can be purified by distillation, ion exchange, filtration, carbon adsorption, and chlorination.

Chemical Properties

colourless liquid

Uses

For use in the preparation of cell culture media, and cell suspension and washing solutions.

Uses

For use in embryo manipulation.

Uses

water is listed also as catalyzed, deionized, demineralized, distilled, pure spring, and purified water. Water is an important skin component and is essential for its proper functioning. It is the most common ingredient used in cosmetic formulations and, therefore, is generally listed first on product labels. Water is usually processed to eliminate hardness and minerals, and to avoid product contamination.

Uses

Water is a colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid formed by the combi- nation of two hydrogen and one oxygen atoms. it allows substances to dissolve and functions as a solvent, dispersing medium, hydrate, and promoter of chemical changes. it is a major constituent in meats, fruits, and vegetables. distilled water is obtained by conden- sation of water vapor.

Definition

ChEBI: An oxygen hydride consisting of an oxygen atom that is covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms.

General Description

Water is widely used for HPCE (High-Performance Capillary Electrophoresis), luminescence and UV-spectroscopic studies.

reaction suitability

reaction type: Acid-base reactions

Purification Methods

Conductivity water (specific conductance ca 10-7 mho) can be obtained by distilling water in a steam-heated tin-lined still, then, after adding 0.25% of solid NaOH and 0.05% of KMnO4, distilling once more from an electrically heated Barnstead-type still, taking the middle fraction into a Jena glass bottle. During these operations suitable traps must be used to protect against entry of CO2 and NH3. Water, only a little less satisfactory for conductivity measurements (but containing traces of organic material) can be obtained by passing ordinary distilled water through a mixed bed ion-exchange column containing, for example, Amberlite resins IR 120 (cation exchange) and IRA 400 (anion exchange), or Amberlite MB-1. This treatment is also a convenient one for removing traces of heavy metals. (The metals Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Hg can be tested for by adding pure concentrated ammonia to 10mL of sample and shaking vigorously with 1.2mL of 0.001% dithizone in CCl4. Less than 0.1Yg of metal ion will impart a faint colour to the CCl4 layer.) For almost all laboratory purposes, simple distillation yields water of adequate purity, and most of the volatile contaminants such as ammonia and CO2 are removed if the first fraction of distillate is discarded. Most laboratories have glass stills that “doubly” or “trebly” distil water. [See “water” in Chapter 1.]

Water Preparation Products And Raw materials

Raw materials

Preparation Products

Acid Orange 7 2,6-Dichlorobenzaldoxime N,N-Diethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine disodium methylenebisnaphthalenesulphonate 1-Amino-4-methylpiperazine

4-(4-Chlorophenyl)piperidin-4-ol Cefepime Cilostazol (2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)hydrazine Direct Red 23

Lanolin TOXAPHENE CARBARSONE 2-(Chloromethyl)pyridine SULCOFURON-SODIUM MONOHYDRATE

ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID TRIPOTASSIUM SALT DIHYDRATE 3-Amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid 2-chlorobenzenediazonium Imazosulfuron 1-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dipotassium salt dihydrate Octenidine 1-HEPTANESULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT MONOHYDRATE Tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate Sodium 1-hexanesulfonate monohydrate

FAST BLUE BB SALT 3-Hydroxy-N-2-naphthyl-2-naphthamide CuO-Al inorganic adhesive ACID BLUE 25 Dodecyl dimethyl betaine

1,2-BUTANEDIOL 2-(2,4,6-TRICHLOROPHENOXY)-1-BROMOETHANE Morphothion emulsion guanethidine 4-Aminodiphenylamine

1-PENTANESULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT MONOHYDRATE METOSULAM 1-OCTANESULFONIC ACID, SODIUM SALT, MONOHYDRATE thorium tetrahydroxide dibenzo[def,mno]chrysene-6,12-dione

1of8

Water Suppliers

Global( 713)Suppliers

Supplier	Tel	Email	Country	ProdList	Advantage
Hebei Fengjia New Material Co., Ltd	+86-0311-87836622 +86-18712993135	sales01@tairunfaz.com	China	8051	58
Henan Bao Enluo International TradeCo.，LTD	+86-17331933971	deasea125996@gmail.com	China	2472	58
Shaanxi Franta Biotechnology Co., Ltd	+86-13082019107	admin@flanderff.com	China	244	58
Yujiang Chemical (Shandong) Co.,Ltd.	+8617736087130	catherine@yjchem.com.cn	China	994	58
Handan City Zechi trading Co., LTD	+8619003396151	13165586887@163.com	China	475	58
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd.	+86-0371-55170693 +86-19937530512	info@tianfuchem.com	China	21588	55
ATK CHEMICAL COMPANY LIMITED	+undefined-21-51877795	ivan@atkchemical.com	China	33024	60
Shandong chuangyingchemical Co., Ltd.	18853181302	sale@chuangyingchem.com	CHINA	5906	58
Shanghai Longyu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.	+8619521488211	info@longyupharma.com	China	2542	58
CONIER CHEM AND PHARMA LIMITED	+8618523575427	sales@conier.com	China	49977	58

Supplier	Advantage
Hebei Fengjia New Material Co., Ltd	58
Henan Bao Enluo International TradeCo.，LTD	58
Shaanxi Franta Biotechnology Co., Ltd	58
Yujiang Chemical (Shandong) Co.,Ltd.	58
Handan City Zechi trading Co., LTD	58
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd.	55
ATK CHEMICAL COMPANY LIMITED	60
Shandong chuangyingchemical Co., Ltd.	58
Shanghai Longyu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.	58
CONIER CHEM AND PHARMA LIMITED	58

Related Qustion

Ask a question

Q:How much water will cause hyponatremia?wed - Mar 25，2026

A:There is no fixed universal amount of water that triggers hyponatremia, as it depends on age, body weight, kidney function, and overall health. For a healthy adult, drinking more than 3 to 4 liters of water within a few hours can overwhelm the kidneys' ability to excrete excess fluid, diluting sodium levels in the blood. People with weaker kidney function, endurance athletes, or those who drink water extremely quickly may develop hyponatremia with even less intake, while rapid, excessive water consumption disrupts electrolyte balance and can lead to symptoms like nausea, headache, confusion, or in severe cases, seizures and organ damage.

View Lastest Price from Water manufacturers

Update time	Product	Price	Min. Order	Purity	Supply Ability	Manufacturer
2026-05-05	Water 7732-18-5			0.99		RongNa Biotechnology Co.,Ltd
2026-03-26	Bacteriostatic Water (BAC water) 10ml/3ml 7732-18-5	US $15.00-12.00 / kit	1kit	99%	10000kits	Shenzhen Aoxi Technology Co., Ltd.
2025-12-24	Water 7732-18-5	US $0.10 / KG	1KG	99.0%	1000 tons	Shaanxi Dideu Medichem Co. Ltd

Water
7732-18-5
0.99
RongNa Biotechnology Co.,Ltd

Bacteriostatic Water (BAC water) 10ml/3ml
7732-18-5
US $15.00-12.00 / kit
99%
Shenzhen Aoxi Technology Co., Ltd.

Water
7732-18-5
US $0.10 / KG
99.0%
Shaanxi Dideu Medichem Co. Ltd

Water Spectrum

Water(7732-18-5)¹HNMR Water(7732-18-5)FT-IR Water(7732-18-5)Raman

7732-18-5(Water)Related Search:

SALCOMINE 2,4-PENTANEDIONE, SILVER DERIVATIVE Manganic acetylacetonate Ruthenium acetylacetonate Ferric acetylacetonate

Ethyl isocyanoacetate Cupric acetylacetonate Bis(2,4-pentanedionato-O,O')palladium(II) TRIS(2,2,6,6-TETRAMETHYL-3,5-HEPTANEDIONATO)EUROPIUM(III) METHYL ISOCYANOACETATE

Aluminum acetylacetonate COBALT(II) ACETYLACETONATE Tosylmethyl isocyanide MANGANESE(II) ACETYLACETONATE Nickel(II) acetylacetonate

PR(TMHD)3 TRIS(2,2,6,6-TETRAMETHYL-3,5-HEPTANEDIONATO)DYSPROSIUM(III) Platinum bis(acetylacetonate)

1of4

NATRII HYDROXIDUM NESSLER'S REAGENT B SODIUM HYDROXIDE, FLAKE SODIUM PLUMBITE Sodiun hydroxide SODA LYE SODA CAUSTIC Deionized Ultra-filtered Water CAUSTIC SODA FLAKES MIN.99% & 96% & SODA ASH LIGHT E-ToxateTM Water IC Anions No. 1 Mixture Oxidane R718 Tritiotope Wasser Wasserdampf Wasserstoffoxid Water vapor WATER PURIFIED, S01, 10 L WATER, FOR MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, 1 L WATER, LC-MS CHROMASOLV(R) WATER, FOR ORGANIC TRACE ANALYSIS WATER, FOR GRADIENT ELUTION DI WATER FOR COL SOL B, 90ML AQUANAL-PLUS WATER FOR DILUTION WATER, DOUBLE-PROCESSED CELL CULTURE TES TED WATER, DEUTERIUM-DEPLETED, 99.99995 ATOM% H WATER 500 OHM/CM* WATER PESTANAL WATER FOR GRADIENT ELUTION IN HPLC, 1 L WATER, PCR REAGENT WATER MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REAGENT WATER, PURIFIED WATER (AQUA PURIFICATA), PH EUR WATER, FOR INORGANIC TRACE ANALYSIS , FILTERED WATER EXTRA PURE STAINLESS STEEL DRUM WATER EXTRA PURE 500 ML WATER, FOR HPCE WATER, ICP GRADE ( TELFON BOTTLE) WATER, FOR PCR APPLICATIONS WATER, ICP-MS GRADE ( TELFON BOTTLE) WATER, GR WATER, DEUTERIUM DEPLETED (2-3 PPM DEUTERIUM) WATER, AAS GRADE ( TELFON BOTTLE) WATER, DNASE RNASE PROTEASE FREE WATER, GRADIENT HPLC GRADE Water,Sterile,Nuclease-Free Water,HplcGrade StepaolWac SodiumHypochlorite12% PotassiumHydroxide10-45% SodiumHypochlorite5To16% CausticSodaLiquid30% Roshield3275 WaterForHplc demineralized,5L Cellculturegrade,500ml p.A.,2,5L Fluorescencegrade,2,5L

Product description	Number	Pack Size	Price
Water gradient grade, Meets Reagent Specifications for testing USP/NF monographs OmniSolv?	WX0004	1L	$59.2
Water HPLC	WX0008	4L	$162
Water gradient grade, Meets Reagent Specifications for testing USP/NF monographs OmniSolv?	WX0004	4L	$186
Water gradient grade, Meets Reagent Specifications for testing USP/NF monographs OmniSolv?	WX0004	20L	$817
Water OmniTrace Ultra	WX0003	1L	$181
More product size

Water Properties

SAFETY

Risk and Safety Statements

Water price More Price(183)

Water Chemical Properties,Uses,Production

Physical properties

Uses

Reactions

Production Methods

Chemical Properties

Uses

Uses

Uses

Uses

Definition

General Description

reaction suitability

Purification Methods

Water Preparation Products And Raw materials

Raw materials

Preparation Products

Water Suppliers

Related articles

Related Qustion

View Lastest Price from Water manufacturers

Water Spectrum

7732-18-5(Water)Related Search: