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| | 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride Basic information | | Background |
| | 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride Chemical Properties |
| Melting point | >300°C (dec.) | | storage temp. | 2-8°C | | solubility | H2O: 10 mg/mL heat or sonication may be required. Solutions stored in the dark at room temperature or 4 °C should be stable for 2 to 3 weeks. | | form | powder | | color | Clear | | PH | 4.0-5.0 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃) | | Appearance | yellow solid or solution | | Water Solubility | water: soluble | | ε(extinction coefficient) | 30 at 263nm in H2O at 1mM | | λmax | 358 nm, 342 nm | | BRN | 4894417 | | Stability: | PROTECT FROM LIGHT! Stable for 2 years as supplied. Solutions in DMSO may be aliquoted and stored at -20°C for up to 3 months. | | Biological Applications | Nuclear apoptosis assay; targeting drug to cerebral neuron; treating amyloidosis,neurodegenerative diseases,Alzheimer’s disease,Down’s syndrome,type II diabetes; monitoring bioaerosols | | InChI | InChI=1S/C16H15N5.ClH/c17-15(18)10-3-1-9(2-4-10)13-7-11-5-6-12(16(19)20)8-14(11)21-13;/h1-8,21H,(H3,17,18)(H3,19,20);1H | | InChIKey | FPNZBYLXNYPRLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N | | SMILES | C(C1C=CC2C=C(C3C=CC(C(N)=N)=CC=3)NC=2C=1)(N)=N.Cl | | CAS DataBase Reference | 28718-90-3(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| | 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride Usage And Synthesis |
| Description | DAPI is a fluorescent probe which is commonly used to stain DNA and chromosomes for fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry applications. It forms a fluorescent complex by attaching in the minor groove of A-T rich sequences of DNA. DAPI is often used as a counterstain, as its ultraviolet (max 358 nm) excitation and blue (max 461 nm) emission wavelengths separate it nicely from many popular primary fluorophores. It can be used on either fixed or live cells, although its low permeability in live cells demands that higher concentrations be used. | | Chemical Properties | Yellow Solid | | Uses | 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride is used as a cell-permeable DNA-binding dye. Binds preferentially to DNA rich in adenine and thymine.It is used in flow cytometry for measuring nuclear DNA content or for sorting isolated chromosomes. | | Uses | DAPI is used for photofootprinting of DNA, to detect annealed probes in blotting applications by specifically visualizing the double-stranded complex and as a cell permeable fluorescent minor groove-binding probe for DNA. For staining DNA in agarose gels | | Uses | Suitable for
- DNA staining in agarose gels
- analysis of changes in DNA during apoptosis
- detection of mycoplasma
- photofootprinting of DNA
- immunofluorescent staining of cells
DAPI has been used:-
- in rapid monitoring of microbial contamination
- in chromosomal banding technique
- in detection of apoptotic cells
- in fluorescence microscopy to track the DisA (DNA integritiy scanning protein) movement on Bacillus subtilis DNA
- to stain mature pollen grains(0.5 mg/ml)
| | General Description | DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, is a blue fluorescent nucleic acid stain that fluoresces brightly upon selectively binding to the minor groove of double stranded DNA. Its selectivity for DNA and high cell permeability allows efficient staining of nuclei with little background from the cytoplasm. The excitation and emission wavelengths of DAPI-DNA complex are 360 nm and 460 nm, respectively. | | Biochem/physiol Actions | Cell permeable fluorescent minor groove-binding probe for DNA. Binds to the minor groove of double-stranded DNA (preferentially to AT rich DNA), forming a stable complex which fluoresces approximately 20 times greater than DAPI alone. | | storage | -20°C | | Background | 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, dihydrochloride is a blue fluorescent DNA dye that targets double-stranded AT clusters in the DNA minor groove. One molecule of dye binds to each 3 base pairs of dsDNA and yields an approximate 20-fold fluorescent enhancement. The level of DAPI-DNA fluorescence is proportional to DNA content. | | References | [1] W. C. RUSSELL D. H W CAROL NEWMAN. A simple cytochemical technique for demonstration of DNA in cells infected with mycoplasmas and viruses[J]. Nature, 1975, 253 5491: 461-462. DOI:10.1038/253461a0.
[2] BETTY I. TARNOWSKI James H N F Spinale. DAPI as a useful stain for nuclear quantitation.[J]. Biotechnic & Histochemistry, 1991, 22 1: 297-302. DOI:10.3109/10520299109109990.
[3] ANA KATRINA ESTANDARTE. The use of DAPI fluorescence lifetime imaging for investigating chromatin condensation in human chromosomes.[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016: 31417. DOI:10.1038/srep31417. | | Abs/Em Maxima | 355/460 nm | | Extinction Coefficient | 28800 |
| | 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride Preparation Products And Raw materials |
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