Cytisine NEW

Cytisine is a naturally occurring plant-based alkaloid with significant pharmacological activity. Here are its key aspects:

Source: Primarily extracted from seeds of the Golden Rain tree (Laburnum anagyroides, syn. Cytisus laburnum) and other legumes (e.g., Sophora species).

Chemistry:

• Class: Quinolizidine alkaloid.

• Formula: C₁₁H₁₄N₂O.

• Structure: Resembles nicotine and varenicline, acting on the same receptors.

  Mechanism: A partial agonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), particularly the α4β2 subtype in the brain.

  Primary Use:

• Smoking Cessation Aid: Its primary modern use. It reduces nicotine cravings and withdrawal symptoms by occupying the same receptors as nicotine, but with lower activity and preventing nicotine's stronger effects. It's often considered a lower-cost alternative to varenicline (Chantix).

• Availability: Used for decades in Central/Eastern Europe (brands: Tabex, Desmoxan). Access is increasing in other regions.

  Historical/Traditional Use: Was used as an emetic, respiratory stimulant, and to aid childbirth (largely obsolete due to safety).

  Safety: Effective for smoking cessation but has a narrow therapeutic index. Side effects can include nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, and dizziness. Overdose is dangerous (can cause severe nausea, convulsions, respiratory failure, death). Requires careful dosing under guidance.

In short: Cytisine is a natural alkaloid acting as a partial agonist at nicotine receptors, used primarily as a medication to help people quit smoking. It offers an effective, lower-cost option, but requires careful use due to potential toxicity.