Citicoline sodium NEW

Specification

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Citicoline Sodium is the sodium salt of the natural compound Citicoline (CDP-Choline). It is the stable, synthetically produced form used in pharmaceuticals and dietary supplements.

In essence, it's the same molecule as CDP-Choline, but complexed with a sodium ion to improve its stability and solubility.

Detailed Chemical Breakdown

Let's break down its structure and properties.

1. Chemical Names and Identifiers

• IUPAC Name: Cytidine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), P'-[2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl] ester, inner salt, sodium salt

  Systematic Name: Sodium [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl [hydroxy-([2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethoxy]hydroxyphosphoryl)oxyphosphoryl] hydrogen phosphate

  CAS Number: 33818-15-4

2. Molecular Formula

• C₁₄H₂₅N₄NaO₁₁P₂

3. Structural Components

The Citicoline Sodium molecule can be visualized as two key parts connected by a diphosphate bridge, with a sodium counterion.

• A. Cytidine Moiety: This is a nucleoside, composed of:

• Cytosine Base: A pyrimidine base (C₄H₅N₃O) containing an amino group (-NH₂), which is crucial for its biological role.

  Ribose Sugar: A 5-carbon sugar (C₅H₁₀O₅).

  The cytosine is attached to the 1' carbon of the ribose sugar.

• B. Choline Moiety: This consists of:

• An ethanolamine group (HO-CH₂-CH₂-N⁺(CH₃)₃).

  The nitrogen is permanently charged (a quaternary ammonium cation, N⁺), which makes the molecule highly polar.

• C. Diphosphate Bridge: A pyrophosphate group (P₂O₇H₂) connects the 5' carbon of the ribose sugar to the oxygen of the choline's ethanolamine group. This bridge is key to the molecule's energy and function as an intermediate.

  D. Sodium Ion (Na⁺): The entire CDP-Choline structure exists as a zwitterion (has both a positive and negative charge). The negatively charged phosphate groups interact with a sodium ion (Na⁺) to form a stable, neutral salt.

4. Key Chemical Properties

• Appearance: Typically a white or almost white, hygroscopic (water-absorbing) crystalline powder.

  Solubility: It is freely soluble in water due to its ionic and polar nature. This is a critical property for its absorption and bioavailability in the body.

  Stability: The sodium salt form is significantly more stable than the free acid form, which is why it is used in solid dosage forms (like capsules and tablets) and pharmaceutical injections.

Why the "Sodium Salt" Form is Important

Using the sodium salt provides major advantages for manufacturing and use:

1. Enhanced Stability: Prevents the molecule from breaking down during storage.

2. Improved Solubility: Ensures it dissolves quickly in the gastrointestinal tract for efficient absorption.

3. Pharmaceutical Suitability: Allows it to be formulated into stable tablets, capsules, and even sterile injectable solutions for medical use (e.g., post-stroke treatment).

Summary

In chemical terms, Citicoline Sodium is the stable, water-soluble sodium salt of the endogenous nucleotide CDP-Choline. Its structure is a elegant combination of a cytidine nucleoside and a choline molecule, linked by a high-energy diphosphate bridge, and stabilized by a sodium ion. This specific salt form is what makes its widespread use in supplements and medicine possible.

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