ALK (Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase) antibodies are essential tools in diagnostic pathology and cancer research, primarily targeting the ALK protein encoded by the *ALK* gene. Originally identified in 1994 through its involvement in chromosomal rearrangements associated with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), ALK gained broader significance when fusion proteins (e.g., EML4-ALK) were linked to oncogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), neuroblastoma, and other malignancies. These genetic alterations result in constitutive activation of ALK tyrosine kinase, driving uncontrolled cell proliferation and survival.
ALK antibodies are widely used in immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to detect ALK overexpression or fusion proteins, aiding in diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making. For example, ALK-positive NSCLC patients often benefit from ALK inhibitors like crizotinib. Common clones, such as D5F3 and ALK1. are validated for clinical assays, with some approved as companion diagnostics.
Beyond diagnostics, ALK antibodies serve research roles in studying signaling pathways, drug resistance mechanisms, and tumor biology. Their specificity and reliability are critical for identifying ALK-driven cancers, predicting treatment responses, and assessing prognosis. Despite advancements, challenges remain in standardizing detection methods and interpreting heterogeneous expression patterns. Overall, ALK antibodies are pivotal in advancing precision oncology and improving outcomes for patients with ALK-associated malignancies.